2023 Best Online Colleges for PhD Programs

Overview of Online PhDs

One of the oldest academic degrees in existence, a doctorate degree is a postsecondary credential that is awarded to students who have achieved the highest level of education or training in a given area of study. Our comprehensive guide covers information on what this terminal degree entails, how much it costs, as well as the reasons why students may consider pursuing one.

Doctoral programs train students to create, apply, and research original knowledge. They take multiple years of graduate study to earn, with students completing a varying mix of coursework, exams, and practicums. The challenging nature of these requirements is perhaps the reason why a large number of doctoral students — roughly 50% — drop out. However, those that achieve their degree are equipped with expert-level knowledge in a given subject area as well as transferable research, writing, and communication skills. These qualifications typically prepare doctoral degree holders for advanced positions in academia, government, or vocational settings where professionals require specific expertise.

While they are primarily offered on-campus, many colleges and universities include the option to pursue a doctoral degree online. In fact, prospective doctoral students can choose from 2,456 different degrees across 308 online schools. These include programs offering exclusively online courses as well as hybrid models with a mix of distanced and on-campus learning.

Types of Doctorates

Not all types of doctoral degrees serve the same purpose. Many prospective students may be thinking of a PhD — also known as a Doctor of Philosophy — when referring to a doctorate. While correct, a PhD is a research doctorate in which the primary goal is to advance new knowledge. For instance, individuals who pursue a PhD degree in physics conduct original research, typically with the goal of working in academia.

By contrast, professional doctorate programs prepare students to practice a vocation. Examples include the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), Doctor of Psychology (PhD), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Doctor of Education (EdD), or Juris Doctor (JD). These degree holders are trained to apply field-specific knowledge in settings such as hospitals or courtrooms.

How Long Will It Take To Earn Your Degree?

Depending on individual program requirements and the type of degree, most doctoral degree programs can be completed in 3-8 years, though it may take over 10 years in some circumstances. The average time to completion is 7.5 years, and accelerated or online programs are designed to be completed in 3-5 years. It is important to note that schools may place a time limit on the number of years students have to complete their doctoral coursework and defend their dissertations or capstone projects.

What Will You Learn in an Online PhD Program?

Like their on-campus peers, students enrolled in an online doctoral program typically spend the first several years completing advanced coursework. Doctoral-level courses involve research, writing, and data analysis that allow students to extend or apply existing knowledge in their chosen discipline. 

In addition to gaining a thorough understanding of the theories, practices, and challenges of their field of study, doctoral students have many opportunities to develop advanced technical and personal skills. For example, they often learn how to work independently and collaboratively, manage projects, and solve complex problems — both in academic and professional settings.

Without question, such high-level study is challenging. However, pursuing a terminal degree can be an intrinsically valuable endeavor that leads to self development.

Popular Subjects

Many of the most popular online doctoral programs involve health-related fields, including clinical psychology and counseling. Additional examples include:

PhDs in STEM subjects, such as computer engineering, physics, and statistics, are also common. It is also possible to earn an online degree in law, history, business, or education, such as a Doctor of Educational Leadership.

Choosing an Online Phd Program

As with all online degree programs, colleges and universities that offer online PhD and doctoral programs take great care to ensure these programs provide the same quality education and learning outcomes as their traditional programs. Applicants for online programs must meet the same high standards as their on-campus counterparts. The coursework is equally challenging, and the courses are often taught by the same faculty. 

For these reasons, accredited online PhD programs have become just as credible and respected as in-person programs.

Nevertheless, prospective online doctoral students should practice their due diligence in choosing an online PhD program. Beyond exploring program specifics and student services, you'll want to select a school that has earned institutional accreditation. This means that the school has been reviewed by an independent agency and proven to meet nationally accepted standards. 

To determine whether the institution you're considering is accredited, visit the Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs.

Earning a doctorate takes years of intensive study in graduate school, so it's important for potential applicants to choose the right subject, school, and format for them. When researching options, it may be helpful to a few key questions:

How much time and effort can I commit to this degree?

A doctorate typically takes 3-8 years to complete. Professional doctorates tend to take less than research-focused academic doctorates because they entail coursework and exams. By contrast, PhD students who complete a dissertation after coursework take an average of 7.5 years to earn their degree.

What are my career goals?

It is best to first determine whether a doctorate is necessary or even desirable in a given field. For example, individuals who aspire to become professors, lawyers, veterinarians, psychologists, or doctors must earn a doctorate. However, those that aim to work in areas such as business or tech typically don't require this level of education. In these cases, it may be best to earn a bachelor's or master's degree.

Do I want a professional or academic doctorate?

As mentioned above, different doctoral degrees serve different purposes. Students primarily interested in conducting research, advancing original knowledge, or working in academia should opt for an academic doctorate. By contrast, a professional doctorate is better suited to those who hope to practice professions such as law or medicine in real-world settings.

Applying to a Doctoral Program

Doctoral programs typically admit only a handful of new students each year, so competition for spots can be fierce. While admission requirements vary by school, most have similar requirements and these remain constant across online and in-person degree options. Prospective students will typically need to meet the following requirements to get accepted into a doctoral program:

• A completed college degree. Some graduate programs require doctoral students to have completed a master's in the same or a related field, while others accept students with a bachelor's or an unrelated master's degree.

• A GPA of 3.0 or higher in all previous degrees. Schools want to train scholars who are serious about advancing their field of study, so the academic standards are usually higher than for other degrees.

• Competitive entrance exam scores, with thresholds that vary by school, in the Graduate Record Examination or Graduate Management Admissions Test.

• Letters of recommendation from professors, coaches, or mentors that speak to the student's academic and personal merit and likelihood of success in the particular program.

• A personal essay that expresses the student's reasons, motivation, and desire to complete a high-level degree in their chosen field.

In addition to these standard requirements, some disciplines require professional work experience or language proficiency. For example, students pursuing online doctoral studies in nursing may need a minimum number of clinical hours or years of full-time employment. By contrast, applicants to PhD programs in classics may need to demonstrate some familiarity with Latin or Ancient Greek.

Careers and Job Outlook

An online doctorate can lead to career opportunities that may otherwise be unavailable to bachelor's and even master's degree holders. For instance, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), a JD is typically required to become a practicing attorney, and doctorates are needed to become a physician, dentist, or psychologist. 

A PhD is essential for those who want to conduct research in almost any field, either in an academic setting or an advanced research facility.

Aside from expanding job opportunities in specific areas, an online doctorate offers general career advantages as well. Students who successfully earn this degree typically gain considerable experience with skills that are relevant to government organizations, non-profits, and startups. In particular, their ability to interpret different kinds of data, translate complex problems for wide audiences, identify unique funding opportunities, and evaluate multiple sources of information can make graduates valuable assets for employers in these industries.

Overall, the BLS projects that a doctoral degree comes with better pay and a favorable job outlook through 2030, particularly in sectors such as education, healthcare, and law. 

Benefits of Earning a PhD

It's clear that doctoral degrees may open doors to higher-paying career opportunities. Nevertheless, earning a doctorate is an expensive, demanding, and time-consuming process. Before enrolling in an online PhD program, it's worth examining the pros and cons. Below are some of the benefits: 

• Doctoral students may gain a set of practical and life skills — such as effective financial management, future career planning, and self-motivation — in addition to in-depth professional knowledge.
• Given that doctoral degree holders are rare, they are typically recognized as experts or leaders in their field of study. 
• Those who value constant learning, personal growth, and career advancement may find advanced study to be personally enriching.

So, Is an Online Doctorate Worth It?

Like any educational investment, the worth of an online doctorate depends, in part, on personal circumstances, career goals, familial responsibilities, finances, and learning style. However, as a highly specialized and advanced degree, a doctorate comes with distinctive benefits and challenges of its own.

There are a limited number of professions that require a doctorate. However, those that do, such as doctors or lawyers, tend to be well compensated, so pursuing a doctoral program in these fields may yield a high return on investment. By contrast, the outlook for academic doctoral candidates is less promising with both salaries and the number of full-time positions decreasing for individuals who want to work in academia. But a PhD may still be worth it for those who love to conduct academic research, write, and teach, and hope to land a career where these skills are compensated.

Additionally, students that enroll in an online doctorate may benefit from accelerated learning models and complete their degree in as little as three years — considerably sooner than traditional programs. However, online learning may not always offer adequate support. Furthermore, by studying online, students may forgo important sources of financial aid such as research and teaching assistantships.

FAQs on PhD and Doctoral Programs